Salah-salah, bisa jadi batuk bayi yang Anda anggap remeh, ternyata berbahaya – atau sebaliknya, batuk yang sebenarnya tidak terlalu berbahaya membuat Anda terlalu cemas berlebihan…
Gejala Batuk yang Disebabkan Asma
Batuk biasanya dibarengi dengan suara seperti siulan atau bersuit, biasanya berlangsung sampai lebih dari 10 hari. Batuk jenis ini juga seringkali terjadi di malam hari, atau ketika anak atau bayi Anda lelah bermain, atau ketika si kecil terekspos pada suhu udara yang dingin, debu dan asap.
Penyakit asma adalah penyakit yang mempunyai banyak faktor penyebab, dimana yang paling sering karena faktor alergi. Faktor-faktor penyebab dan pemicu penyakit asma antara lain debu rumah dengan tungaunya, bulu binatang, asap rokok, asap obat nyamuk, dan lain-lain.
Asma juga merupakan penyakit keturunan. Bila salah satu atau kedua orang tua, kakek atau nenek anak menderita penyakit asma maka bisa diturunkan ke anak.
Cara Mengatasi Batuk Bayi yang Disebabkan Asma
Asma tidak dapat disembuhkan dan obat-obatan yang ada saat ini sebenarnya hanya berfungsi menghilangkan gejala. Namun, dengan mengontrol penyakit asma pada bayi dan anak Anda melalui konsultasi medis -jika asmanya masih taraf ringan- anak Anda dapat bebas dari gejala penyakit asma yang mengganggu sehingga dapat menjalani aktivitas hidup sehari-hari dengan baik.
Gejala Batuk yang Disebabkan Bronchiolitis
Gejala pertama Bronchiolitis biasanya mirip dengan flu biasa:
1. pilek
2. batuk ringan
3. bersin-bersin
4. demam ringan
Dalam 7 hari bisa diikuti dengan batuk yang semakin parah yang disertai dahak serta suara nyaring seperti bersiul.
Bronchiolitis adalah penyakit umum yang banyak diidap oleh bayi dan anak kecil.
Berbeda dengan Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis merupakan infeksi virus yang terjadi pada saluran udara kecil pada paru-paru yang disebut bronchioles. Ketika radang, mereka akan menyembul dan terisi dengan lendir, sehingga bayi atau anak sulit bernafas.
Penyakit ini memang paling sering menyerang bayi dan anak-anak kecil dan biasanya terjadi selama 2-3 tahun pertama kehidupan mereka, dengan puncak gejala sekitar umur 3-6 bulan. Bronchiolitis juga lebih sering diderita oleh laki-laki, anak-anak yang tidak minum ASI, dan orang-orang yang tinggal di lingkungan padat penduduk.
Walaupun seringkali dianggap ringan, tapi beberapa bayi beresiko untuk terjangkit lebih parah, bahkan hingga memerlukan rawat inap. Kondisi yang menyebabkan resiko Bronchiolitis bertambah parah yaitu bila si bayi atau anak mempunyai latar belakang penyakit jantung, penyakit paru-paru, serta memiliki sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah karena penyakit lain atau obat-obatan.
Cara Mengatasi Batuk Bayi yang Disebabkan Bronchiolitis
Pastikan bayi atau anak Anda banyak minum. Langkah yang bijaksana adalah memeriksakan kondisinya kepada dokter anak, karena bisa jadi bayi Anda memerlukan perawatan khusus.
Gejala Batuk yang Disebabkan Influenza
Batuknya biasanya bersifat basah, tanpa ada suara siulan ataupun ritme nafas bayi yang menjadi cepat. Biasanya batuk jenis ini terlihat pada bayi sepanjang hari,baik siang maupun malam. Gejala lain yang sering ditemui adalah hidung dan mata yang berair, bersin-bersin, serta demam ringan.
Penyebab flu adalah infeksi viral pada bagian hidung, tenggorokan dan saluran pernafasan utama. Batuk yang disebabkan oleh influenza biasanya akan berakhir seiring dengan hilangnya flu, yaitu sekitar 7-10 hari. Tapi pada sebagian kasus, ada juga yang batuknya terus berlanjut hingga 2 minggu.
Cara Mengatasi Batuk Bayi yang Disebabkan Influenza
Pertama-tama, usahakan agar saluran pernafasan bayi Anda bersih. Soalnya, saluran pernafasan yang kotor dapat membuat batuknya tambah parah.
Untuk itu, Anda bisa menggunakan obat tetes hidung atau alat penyedot khusus, karena bayi atau anak Anda tidak bisa mengeluarkan cairan yang menyumbat hidungnya.
Jika anak Anda sudah berusia lebih dari 2 tahun, maka obat dekongestan bisa saja Anda gunakan. Jika batuknya belum hilang juga setelah 10 hari dan hidungnya masih tersumbat, sebaiknya Anda periksakan lagi ke dokter anak Anda. Bukan apa-apa, takutnya anak Anda menderita penyakit lain seperti asma, sinusitis, atau alergi.
Gejala Batuk Yang Disebabkan Batuk Sesak
Batuknya melengking, kering, biasanya sering mulai pada pertengahan malam, suara batuknya tidak seperti batuk biasanya, melainkan lebih seperti gonggongan anjing laut. Suara yang timbul adalah akibat dari pembengkakan di sekitar pita suara (pangkal tenggorokan) dan batang tenggorokan.
Gejala lain… pada awalnya anak Anda mungkin demam ringan, gejala seperti sesak atau
pilek selama beberapa hari, suara menjadi serak dan berat yang terjadi sepanjang hari dan akan lebih buruk pada malam hari ketika anak atau bayi Anda menangis.
Penyakit ini sering disebabkan oleh virus parainfluenza. Kadang-kadang oleh virus respiratory syncytial atau berbagai virus pernafasan lainnya.
Biasanya penyakit ini tidak memperlihatkan gejala demam. Kerongkongan dan tenggorokan akan membengkak sehingga salurannya menyempit. Banykan ditemui pada anak-anak usia 6 bulan sampai 3 tahun.
Dalam kebanyakan kasus, langkah-langkah perawatan sendiri di rumah dapat mempercepat pemulihan anak Anda,sehingga perawatan lebih intensif jarang diperlukan. Sementara itu, anak Anda akan tetap nyaman dengan beberapa langkah sederhana:
1. Hadapi dengan tenang dan buat anak Anda tenang. Ajak ia duduk, membaca buku atau bermain dengan permainan yang tidak melelahkan. Menangis hanya membuatnya lebih sulit bernafas.
2. Melembabkan udara. Gunakan humidifier di kamar tidur anak Anda atau bawa anak Anda untuk bernafas dalam udara lembab di kamar mandi yang beruap hangat selama 10 menit.
3. Buatlah suasana segar dan sejuk. Terkadang bernafas dengan udara segar dan sejuk bisa membantu mengatasi sesak. Bukalah jendela atau hidupkan alat pelembab ruangan. Jika udara di luar rumah lebih dingin, bungkuslah anak Anda dalam selimut dan berjalanlah di luar selama beberapa menit.
4. Pertahankan anak Anda dalam posisi tegak lurus. Duduk tegak dapat membuatnya bernafas lebih mudah.
5. Tawarkan minuman. Untuk bayi, Anda bisa memberikan ASI atau formula yang biasa diminumnya. Untuk anak-anak, sup atau buah dingin segar dapat membantu.
6. Usahakan anak Anda untuk beristirahat. Tidur dapat membantu anak Anda melawan infeksi.
7. Tidurlah di dekat anak Anda atau bahkan di kamar yang sama, sehingga Anda dapat mengambil tindakan cepat jika gejala anak Anda menjadi parah.
Anda harus segera mencari bantuan medis jika anak Anda:
1. Bernafas sangat cepat dengan perut yang kembang kempis dan tampak berjuang untuk mendapatkan udara ke paru-parunya.
2. Tampak pucat atau kebiru-biruan pada daerah sekitar mulut, hidung dan kuku. Ini pertanda ia tidak mendapatkan cukup oksigen.
3. Tampaknya sangat gelisah.
4. Demam dengan suhu badan 39,7 derajat C atau lebih tinggi
GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)
Batuknya berbunyi seperti decitan dan bersifat garing. Biasanya terjadi setelah si kecil makan dan sekali batuk, bayi atau anak Anda akan sulit berhenti. Batuk inipun akan bertambah parah jika si kecil berbaring.
Jika bayi Anda menderita GERD, maka dia akan rewel dan bisa sesekali muntah.
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) sebenarnya disebabkan oleh lemahnya pita otot yang berada di antara esophagus dan perut. Ini selanjutnya akan membuat cairan yang seharusnya masuk ke dalam perut, malah mengalir kembali ke atas. Bahkan terkadang cairan ini bisa masuk ke paru-paru anak Anda dan menimbulkan batuk kronis.
Cara Mengatasi Batuk Akibat GERD
1. Dudukkan bayi atau anak Anda selama sekitar 30 menit setiap kali sesudah makan.
2. Tinggikan bantalnya ketika ia tidur.
3. Untuk anak-anak, sebaiknya mereka berhenti dulu mengkonsumsi makanan seperti soda, coklat, permen, jeruk dan tomat.
4. Jika penyakitnya berlanjut hingga lebih dari 2 minggu, segera bawa ke dokter.
Gejala Batuk Yang Disebabkan Batuk Kering
Batuknya kering dan sangat panjang. Ketika si kecil batuk, dalam sekali nafas ia bisa batuk lebih dari 20 kali. Dan ketika ia menarik nafas, biasanya Anda bisa mendengar suara melengking tinggi.
Sebelum batuknya parah, biasanya anak Anda akan menampakkan gejala-gejala flu, tapi tanpa disertai demam.
Penyebab Batuk Kering (Pertussis)
Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh bakteri yang sangat mudah menyebar, yang menyerang tenggorokan serta paru-paru.
Cara Mengatasi Batuk Kering (Pertussis)
Penyakit ini biasanya diobati menggunakan antibiotik. Hubungi dokter Anda. Terkadang, bayi Anda juga harus dirawat untuk menyedot cairan yang menyumbat tenggorokannya. Pada banyak kasus, batuk ini bisa berlangsung hingga bermingu-minggu bahkan berbulan-bulan.
by. kang anwar
sumber: Allysarevalina
10 komentar:
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Saya mau nanya, anak saya berumur 1 tahun.. dia terkena batuk yang susah untuk berhenti apabila dia sudah batuk. trus apabila batuknya berlangsung 3-5 menit maka dia kemungkinan akan muntah, lalu asma/perutnya akan kelihatan kembang kempis.
Tolong solusinya Mas/Mba.... Beberapa hari lalu udang saya bawa kepuskesmas tapi hanya beberapa hari saja khasiatnya setelah obat habis kambuh lagi.
sebelumnya terima kasih.
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