Bayam, tanaman sayuran yang dikenal dengan nama ilmiah Amaranthus spp (dalam bahasa Yunani, amaranth berarti abadi) pada mulanya dikenal sebagai tanaman hias. Namun, setelah diketahui mengandung berbagai macam zat gizi, tanaman ini lalu dipromosikan sebagai sumber pangan juga.
Tanaman dari keluarga Amaranthaceae ini memiliki sekitar 60 genus yang terbagi dalam sekitar 800 spesies bayam. Namun, dari sekian banyak jenis itu, bayam dibedakan atas dua macam, yaitu bayam liar dan bayam budi daya.
Dikenal dua jenis bayam liar, yakni bayam tanah (A. blitum L.) dan bayam berduri (A. spinosus L.). Ciri utama bayam liar adalah batangnya berwarna merah dan daunnya kaku (Jawa: kasap).
Jenis bayam budi daya dibedakan menjadi dua macam, yakni bayam cabut, bayam sekul, atau bayam putih (A. tricolor L.) dan bayam tahun atau bayam kakap. Ciri-ciri bayam cabut adalah memiliki batang berwarna kemerah-merahan atau hijau keputih-putihan, dan bunga keluar dari ketiak cabang. Bayam cabut yang batangnya merah disebut bayam merah, sedangkan yang batangnya putih disebut bayam putih. Bayam tahun atau bayam kakap (A. hybridus L.) cirinya berdaun lebar. Bayam jenis ini dibedakan atas dua spesies, yaitu A. hybridus caudatus L dan A. hibridus paniculatus L.
Ciri A. hybridus caudatus L. berdaun agak panjang dengan ujung runcing, berwarna hijau kemerah-merahan atau merah tua, bunganya tersusun dalam rangkaian panjang terkumpul pada ujung batang. A. hibridus paniculatus L. mempunyai dasar daun yang lebar sekali, berwarna hijau, rangkaian bunga panjang tersusun secara teratur dan besar-besar pada ketiak daun.
Kandungan gizi bayam demikian banyak. Menurut Dr. Seno Sastroamidjojo, dalam 100 gram bayam terkandung tenaga sebesar 21,0 Kcal, air 92,9 gr, protein 2,1 gr, lemak 0,2 gr, karbohidrat 2,7 gr, serabut 0,7 gr, abu 1,4 gr, kalsium 90,0 mg, fosfor 29,0 mg, besi 3,8 mg, natrium 131,0 mg, kalium 385,0 mg, betakaroten 4080,0 ug, vitamin B1 0,08 mg, vitamin B2 0,15 mg, niacin 0,7 mg, dan vitamin C 76,7 mg. Karena kandungan nutrisinya yang tinggi inilah, bayam sering disebut sebagai 'King of Vegetables' atau 'Raja Sayuran'.
Kandungan asam folat dan asam oksalat membuat bayam bisa dipakai untuk membantu mengatasi berbagai macam masalah. Misalnya menurunkan kadar kolesterol, mencegah sakit gusi, mengobati eksim, asma, untuk perawatan kulit muka, kulit kepala, dan rambut. Yang paling terkenal adalah mengobati rasa lesu dan kurang bergairah sebagai tanda kurang darah.
Lebih dari itu, serat yang cukup tinggilah yang sangat mempengaruhi kenapa bayam bagus untuk pencernaan kita. Dengan demikian, penyakit seperti sembelit, jantung, stroke, dan persoalan mengenai tekanan darah dan pembuluh darah bisa diatasi. Namun, di samping manfaatnya, bayam tetap memiliki keterbatasan. Kelemahan bayam terletak pada saat proses pengolahannya. Kita tidak boleh memasak sayur bayam dengan panci aluminium. Aluminium ini bisa menyebabkan racun karena bereaksi dengan zat besi yang terkandung di dalam bayam.
Lebih dari itu, kita juga tidak boleh mengonsumsi sayur bayam kalau sayur tersebut sudah lewat dari lima jam sejak dimasak. Dan seperti sayuran lain, bayam juga tidak baik bila dimasak terlalu lama di atas api karena menyebabkan gizinya banyak yang terbuang.
Dan yang paling penting harus diperhatikan adalah mereka yang menderita asam urat dan rematik. Mereka tidak boleh mengasup sayur jenis ini karena bisa menyebabkan rasa ngilu yang berlebihan dan asam urat kambuh. Ini terjadi karena kandungan zat purin dalam bayam sangat tinggi. Purin inilah yang kemudian diubah menjadi asam urat dalam tubuh.
Selain dibuat sayur bening, kita bisa menggunakan bayam untuk keperluan pengobatan. Berikut ini beberapa ramuan bayam yang diambil dari berbagai sumber, salah satunya dari buku Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Bagian 2.
Sembelit, Sakit Gusi, Tukak Lambung
Bahan: - seikat bayam - sesendok madu
Cara Membuat:
Cara I Bersihkan bayam terlebih dahulu dan potonglah akarnya. Masukkan dalam juicer. Setelah itu minumlah jus sebanyak setengah liter sehari. Lakukan selama beberapa hari
Cara II Setelah dicuci dan dipotong, giling bayam sampai halus. Tambahkan setengah cangkir air matang dan satu sendok makan madu. Setelah itu diperas dan disaring. Minum tiga kali sehari, setiap kali setengah cangkir.
Perawatan Kulit Muka, Kepala, dan Rambut
Bahan: - segenggam kunyit - seikat daun bayam
Cara Membuat:
Cara I Bayam dibersihkan, baru diblender. Setelah itu peras dan ambil airnya. Ambil kunyit setelah dibersihkan. Potong kecil-kecil dan masukkan ke blender. Tambahkan air secukupnya. Peras kunyit dan tinggalkan air sarinya. Campur air sari kunyit dan bayam. Tambahkan dengan sedikit air hangat. Gunakan untuk mencuci muka atau keramas.
Cara II Masukkan seikat bayam yang sudah dibersihkan ke dalam jucier. Gunakan jus bayam untuk menggosok seluruh bagian wajah Anda di sekitar sudut mata, dahi, bibir, dan dagu. Lakukan perawatan ini selama lima menit ketika bangun pagi dan malam hari menjelang tidur. Bila perlu bilaslah dengan air dingin.
Bronkitis, Anemia, Demam, Keputihan, Gangguan Lever
Bahan - seikat bayam - sesendok madu
Cara Membuat: Masukkan bayam dalam blender dengan ditambah sedikit air matang. Peras hasil blenderan bayam dan tambahkan madu ke dalamnya. Minum sehari sekali, satu gelas.
Bahan: - segenggam bayam
Cara Membuat Memarkan bayam dan tempelkan pada bagian tubuh yang sakit atau gatal. Bisa juga dilengkapi dengan membuat jus bayam dan diminum sehari sekali satu cangkir.
Semoga Manfa'at. amin
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